What did Marathas export?

During the height of the Maratha Empire, which flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries, the Marathas were involved in various forms of trade and commerce. The region they controlled, particularly the western parts of India, had access to both maritime and overland trade routes, which facilitated their participation in international trade. Some of the key exports from the Maratha territories included:

1. Textiles: Maharashtra, the heartland of the Maratha Empire, was renowned for its textile industry. Cotton textiles, including fine muslin and colorful prints, were among the primary exports. Cities like Pune and Nagpur were significant centers for textile production.
2. Agricultural Products: The fertile lands of the Maratha territories produced a variety of agricultural products. Grains such as rice, wheat, and millets, as well as pulses, spices, and sugarcane, were exported to other parts of India and abroad.
3. Indigo: The Marathas were involved in the cultivation and export of indigo, a plant used for producing a blue dye that was in high demand in European markets.
4. Saltpeter (Potassium Nitrate): Saltpeter was a crucial component in the production of gunpowder, and the Marathas were involved in its extraction and export, particularly from regions like Gujarat.
5. Metalware: The Maratha territories had skilled artisans who produced metalware such as brass utensils, copperware, and iron tools, which were traded domestically and internationally.
6. Hides and Leather Products: With a significant presence of cattle and other livestock in their territories, the Marathas exported hides and leather products, including footwear and saddlery.
7. Spices: While not as prominent as in other regions of India, the Marathas did engage in the trade of spices such as turmeric, black pepper, and cloves, which were in demand in international markets.
8. Salt: Salt production and trade were important economic activities in regions like Gujarat, which was under Maratha influence. Salt was exported to various parts of India and beyond.

These exports contributed to the economic prosperity of the Maratha Empire and played a significant role in their trade relations with other Indian powers, as well as with European trading companies such as the British East India Company and the Portuguese.