What Is Dharma As Per Ramayan?
In the Valmiki Ramayana, Dharma (righteousness or duty) is a central theme and is depicted as the guiding principle for individuals, society, and governance. Bhagwan Ram, as the embodiment of dharma, exemplifies how one should adhere to their duties even in the face of personal challenges and sacrifices. Here is an exploration of dharma as portrayed in the Valmiki Ramayana:
Key Aspects of Dharma in Valmiki Ramayana
- Adherence to Truth and Promises (Satya and Vrata)
Dharma emphasizes unwavering adherence to truth and fulfilling promises. Bhagwan Ram’s life illustrates this when he chooses to honor his father’s word to Kaikeyi and goes into exile, even though it meant losing his claim to the throne.- “Raghukul reeti sada chali aayi, praan jaye par vachan na jayi.”
(The tradition of the Raghu dynasty is to uphold promises, even at the cost of life.)- Reference: Ayodhya Kanda
- “Raghukul reeti sada chali aayi, praan jaye par vachan na jayi.”
- Dharma as Duty Towards Others (Svadharma)
Each individual has a specific role and duty to perform in society, and adhering to one’s role constitutes dharma. For example, Ram upholds his duty as a son, a brother, a husband, and a king. His actions reflect the responsibilities associated with each role. - Compassion and Non-Violence (Ahimsa)
Compassion and respect for all living beings are vital aspects of dharma. Ram shows this when he forgives Kaikeyi, comforts Bharata, and extends respect even to adversaries like Ravana.- “Ahimsa paramo dharmah.”(Non-violence is the highest form of dharma.)
- Though not directly quoted, this principle is embodied in Ram’s conduct.
- “Ahimsa paramo dharmah.”(Non-violence is the highest form of dharma.)
- Justice and Governance (Rajadharma)
Dharma for a king (rajadharma) entails ruling with fairness, protecting the weak, and prioritizing the welfare of the people above personal interests. Ram’s exile and his decision to abandon Sita after her chastity is questioned reflect his commitment to rajadharma, even when it conflicts with his personal desires.- “Na rajyam na prabhutvam va priyam me jivitam tathaa.”
(Neither the kingdom nor sovereignty is dear to me, nor even my life; only dharma is.)- Reference: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 85
- “Na rajyam na prabhutvam va priyam me jivitam tathaa.”
- Universal Righteousness (Sanatana Dharma)
Dharma is portrayed as eternal and universal, transcending time and culture. It serves as the moral order that governs the cosmos and human life. Ram’s adherence to dharma, despite personal suffering, illustrates its timeless and absolute nature. - Sacrifice for the Greater Good
Valmiki Ramayana highlights that dharma often requires personal sacrifices for the benefit of others. Ram’s 14-year exile, Sita’s acceptance of forest life, and Lakshman’s unwavering service to Ram all demonstrate the importance of putting dharma above personal comfort.- “Dharme sarvam pratishtitam.”(Everything is founded upon dharma.)
- Reference: Ayodhya Kanda
- “Dharme sarvam pratishtitam.”(Everything is founded upon dharma.)
- Dharma as Protection (Rakshana Dharma)
The Ramayana frequently emphasizes that dharma protects those who protect it. Ram’s efforts to rescue Sita and defeat Ravana are acts of protecting dharma.- “Dharma eva hato hanti dharmo rakshati rakshitah.”
(Righteousness destroys those who destroy it; righteousness protects those who protect it.)- Reference: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 109
- “Dharma eva hato hanti dharmo rakshati rakshitah.”
Dharma’s Guiding Principles in Valmiki Ramayana
- Self-Control (Dama): Discipline and control over desires are necessary to follow dharma.
- Compassion (Karuna): Kindness toward others is a cornerstone of dharma.
- Forgiveness (Kshama): Forgiveness is essential for maintaining harmony and justice.
- Truthfulness (Satya): Truth is the foundation of all dharmic actions.
- Duty (Kartavya): Performing one’s duties selflessly is critical to upholding dharma.
Significance of Dharma in Ramayana
The Ramayana portrays dharma as the ultimate law of life, requiring individuals to act righteously in all situations, even at great personal cost. Bhagwan Ram’s life serves as an example of how to live in accordance with dharma, making the Ramayana a timeless guide for ethical living.
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