Tulapur: The Sacred Land of Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj’s Martyrdom

Introduction

Tulapur is a historically and spiritually significant village located near Pune, Maharashtra. It is best known as the site where Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, the eldest son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was captured, tortured, and executed by Aurangzeb’s forces in 1689. The village is also home to the Sangameshwar Temple, a revered Shiva temple situated at the confluence (sangam) of three rivers—Bhima, Bhama, and Indrayani. The sacred and historical importance of Tulapur makes it a key destination for history enthusiasts, devotees, and patriots.

Historical Significance of Tulapur

Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj’s Capture and Martyrdom

Tulapur holds a tragic yet heroic place in Maratha history. After Shivaji Maharaj’s death in 1680, his son Sambhaji Maharaj ascended the throne and continued his father’s fight against the Mughals. He led the Maratha Empire with great valor and resilience against Aurangzeb, who sought to annex the Deccan.

However, in 1689, Sambhaji Maharaj and his close aide, Kavi Kalash, were captured by the Mughals near Sangameshwar. They were brought to Bahadurgad fort near Ahmednagar and then to Tulapur, where they were subjected to extreme torture for refusing to accept Mughal rule and Islam. Aurangzeb, enraged by their defiance, ordered their brutal execution. Sambhaji Maharaj’s body was cut into pieces and thrown into the river, but the brave villagers of Vadhu Budruk, located 7 km from Tulapur, secretly collected his remains and gave him a proper cremation.

Aurangzeb’s Defeat and the Legacy of Sambhaji Maharaj

Aurangzeb hoped that Sambhaji’s death would weaken the Marathas, but his martyrdom ignited a renewed spirit of resistance. The Marathas, led by Rajaram Maharaj and later Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj, continued the fight, eventually forcing the Mughals into decline. Sambhaji Maharaj’s sacrifice is remembered as a defining moment in Indian history, showcasing the indomitable spirit of the Marathas.

Major Attractions in Tulapur

1. Sangameshwar Temple

The Sangameshwar Temple is the most famous landmark in Tulapur. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is situated at the confluence of the Bhima, Bhama, and Indrayani rivers. The temple is not only a place of worship but also a historical site, as Sambhaji Maharaj was held captive and tortured here before his execution. The temple’s architecture is simple yet elegant, with stone-carved pillars and a serene atmosphere. Devotees visit to seek blessings, while history enthusiasts pay homage to the legacy of Sambhaji Maharaj.

2. Sambhaji Maharaj Memorial (Smarak)

A small but significant memorial stands at the site where Sambhaji Maharaj was executed. It is a place of deep reverence for Maratha history and is visited by thousands of people every year, especially on 11 March, the anniversary of his martyrdom. The memorial reminds visitors of the supreme sacrifice made by Sambhaji Maharaj and his unwavering resistance against the Mughal empire.

3. Sangam Ghat

The Sangam Ghat is a peaceful riverside area where the three rivers merge. Many devotees take a dip in the holy waters, believing it to be spiritually purifying. The ghat also holds historical importance as it is believed that Maharani Yesubai and other Marathas performed the last rites of Sambhaji Maharaj here. The calm waters and surrounding greenery make it an ideal spot for reflection and paying tribute to the warrior king.

4. Vadhu Budruk (7 km from Tulapur)

The village of Vadhu Budruk, located a short distance from Tulapur, holds another important piece of history. After Sambhaji Maharaj’s execution, Aurangzeb forbade his cremation, but the brave Dalit Mahars of Vadhu Budruk collected his body parts and performed his last rites. The village is also home to the Samadhi (memorial) of Kavi Kalash, who was executed alongside Sambhaji Maharaj. This place stands as a symbol of unity, bravery, and respect for fallen heroes.

How to Reach Tulapur

By Road

• From Pune (30 km, 1-hour drive): Take Nagar Road (NH 753F) via Wagholi and Lonikand.
• From Mumbai (160 km, 3.5 to 4-hour drive): Take the Mumbai-Pune Expressway and follow the route via Pune.

By Train

• The nearest railway station is Pune Junction (35 km away). From Pune, one can hire a taxi or take a bus to Tulapur.

By Air

• The nearest airport is Pune International Airport (25 km away). Taxis and buses are available from the airport to Tulapur.

Best Time to Visit

• Winter (October to February) is the best time to visit, as the weather is pleasant.
• 11 March (Sambhaji Maharaj Martyrdom Day) is a special occasion when thousands of devotees visit Tulapur to pay homage.

Cultural and Religious Importance of Tulapur

Apart from its historical significance, Tulapur is also considered a spiritual site due to the presence of the Sangameshwar Temple and the holy confluence of rivers. Many devotees visit the temple to perform Maha Rudrabhishek, a special prayer dedicated to Lord Shiva.

The village also reflects the resilience and unity of the Maratha people. The story of the villagers of Vadhu Budruk secretly cremating Sambhaji Maharaj’s remains despite Aurangzeb’s orders is a testament to their unwavering loyalty and courage.

Tulapur as a Tourist Destination

Tulapur is an excellent destination for:

1. History Enthusiasts – Those interested in Maratha history and the legacy of Sambhaji Maharaj.
2. Spiritual Seekers – Devotees visiting the Sangameshwar Temple for religious rituals.
3. Nature Lovers – The Sangam Ghat offers a peaceful retreat with scenic beauty.
4. Patriots and Heritage Lovers – People who wish to pay homage to one of India’s greatest warriors.

Conclusion

Tulapur is not just a village; it is a place of sacrifice, courage, and devotion. The martyrdom of Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj at this very location makes it a sacred land in Indian history. The Sangameshwar Temple, Sambhaji Maharaj Smarak, and Sangam Ghat serve as reminders of his unwavering bravery against Aurangzeb’s tyranny.

A visit to Tulapur is a pilgrimage for every Indian who values history, culture, and the sacrifices of the Marathas. Whether you go there to pay respects to Sambhaji Maharaj, seek spiritual blessings, or simply experience the beauty of the sacred rivers, Tulapur remains a must-visit destination.