Who Was C Sankaran Nair?

C. Sankaran Nair: A Stalwart of Indian Nationalism and Judicial Reforms

C. Sankaran Nair was an eminent Indian statesman, lawyer, and social reformer whose contributions to the Indian freedom movement and judiciary are deeply etched in history. Known for his forthright opinions and commitment to justice, Nair played a pivotal role in challenging British colonial policies and championing civil rights.

Early Life and Education

Chettur Sankaran Nair was born on July 11, 1857, in Mankara, a village in the Palakkad district of Kerala. He belonged to a prominent Nair family, which greatly influenced his values and beliefs. Nair pursued his education at the Presidency College in Madras (now Chennai), where he earned a degree in law. His academic brilliance and understanding of legal principles soon established him as a prominent figure in the legal fraternity.

Legal Career and Judicial Reforms

Nair began his legal practice at the Madras High Court, where he gained recognition for his eloquence and legal acumen. His commitment to justice and fairness earned him widespread respect, leading to his appointment as a judge of the Madras High Court in 1908. He was one of the few Indians to hold such a prestigious position during British rule.

Sankaran Nair’s tenure as a judge was marked by progressive judgments and a deep commitment to social justice. He advocated for judicial reforms to ensure fair treatment of Indians in courts dominated by colonial judges. His judgments often reflected his belief in equality and justice, making him a revered figure in the legal community.

Role in the Indian National Congress

C. Sankaran Nair’s nationalist spirit and unwavering dedication to India’s freedom led him to join the Indian National Congress (INC). He played a prominent role in the political landscape of the time, participating in numerous Congress sessions and contributing to the party’s policies.

In 1897, he was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress at its annual session in Amraoti. During his presidency, Nair emphasized the need for constitutional reforms and greater representation of Indians in the government. He also advocated for civil liberties and protested against discriminatory policies imposed by the British administration.

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and Resignation

Sankaran Nair was appointed to the Viceroy’s Executive Council in 1915, where he served as a member of the Council of State. During his tenure, he continued to voice his opposition to unjust policies and demanded self-governance for India.

However, the turning point in his political career came in 1919, following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar. The brutal killing of hundreds of innocent civilians by British troops under the command of General Dyer shook the nation. Nair vehemently condemned the massacre and called for Dyer’s prosecution. When the British government refused to take appropriate action and instead defended Dyer’s actions, Nair resigned from the Viceroy’s Executive Council in protest.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre became a defining moment in the Indian independence movement. Nair’s resignation was not just a personal statement but a powerful political gesture that highlighted the barbarity of British rule. His refusal to associate with a government that justified mass murder resonated with Indians across the country. The episode galvanized further protests, intensified the demand for self-rule, and exposed the moral bankruptcy of British imperialism. Nair’s stand exemplified the courage and conviction of leaders who refused to compromise on principles of justice and humanity.

Legal Battle Against Michael O’Dwyer

Following his resignation, Nair took the fight for justice to the legal arena. In 1920, he filed a defamation lawsuit against Sir Michael O’Dwyer, the former Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, who had justified General Dyer’s actions. O’Dwyer, in his book “India as I Knew It”, had accused Nair of dishonesty and irresponsibility for condemning the British government. Nair, determined to defend his reputation and hold the British accountable, initiated legal proceedings in the British courts.

The case, fought in London, drew significant attention. Nair’s arguments were a scathing critique of British policies in India, exposing the cruelty of colonial rule. Although the court ruled against him, his efforts succeeded in bringing international attention to the atrocities committed at Jallianwala Bagh. The legal battle remains a testament to Nair’s fearlessness and determination to seek justice through all available means.

Literary Contributions and Legacy

Apart from his legal and political career, Sankaran Nair was a prolific writer and thinker. His book, “Gandhi and Anarchy”, published in 1922, offered a critical perspective on Mahatma Gandhi’s methods of non-violent resistance. While he admired Gandhi’s dedication to the nation, Nair questioned the effectiveness of non-violence in achieving political freedom.

His writings also reflected his firm belief in constitutional methods and his advocacy for social reforms. Nair was a strong proponent of women’s rights and worked towards eliminating social evils such as untouchability and child marriage.

Contributions to Social Reforms

Sankaran Nair’s commitment to social progress extended beyond politics and law. He actively supported initiatives to improve education, particularly for women. As a member of the Madras Legislative Council, he advocated for increased funding for schools and colleges, recognizing education as a powerful tool for social empowerment.

Additionally, Nair was a vocal supporter of caste reforms. He believed in dismantling the rigid caste hierarchy that perpetuated social inequality. His efforts to promote intercaste marriages and uplift marginalized communities earned him admiration and respect.

Legacy and Impact

C. Sankaran Nair’s legacy is one of courage, integrity, and unwavering dedication to justice. His contributions to the Indian independence movement, judicial reforms, and social progress continue to inspire generations. His principled stand against British imperialism and his relentless pursuit of justice remain exemplary.

In recognition of his contributions, numerous institutions and landmarks have been named in his honor. His life serves as a testament to the power of conscience and the importance of standing up for what is right.

Conclusion

C. Sankaran Nair’s journey from a young law student to a prominent statesman and reformer exemplifies the spirit of resistance against injustice. His contributions to India’s legal and political landscape played a crucial role in shaping the nation’s destiny. Today, as India continues to progress, the ideals and values upheld by Nair remain relevant, reminding us of the importance of justice, equality, and unwavering commitment to the greater good.