UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List Of India

India, with its diverse cultural panorama, has been a melting pot of traditions, rituals, and artistic expressions for centuries. The country’s cultural heritage is not confined to tangible monuments alone; it extends far beyond to embrace intangible elements that are equally vital in shaping the identity of its people. Recognizing the importance of preserving these intangible treasures, India has actively participated in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage program. This article delves into the fascinating world of India’s intangible cultural heritage, exploring the rich tapestry of traditions that have earned UNESCO recognition.

Understanding Intangible Cultural Heritage:

Intangible cultural heritage encompasses the living expressions inherited from our ancestors, including traditions, rituals, performing arts, and oral histories. Unlike tangible heritage, which includes monuments and artifacts, intangible heritage is dynamic, evolving through generations, and deeply ingrained in the daily lives of communities.

UNESCO’s Role in Safeguarding Cultural Heritage:

UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, plays a crucial role in identifying, preserving, and promoting cultural diversity worldwide. The Intangible Cultural Heritage program aims to safeguard traditions at risk of extinction, fostering appreciation for the intangible aspects that bind communities together.

India’s UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List:

  1. The tradition of Vedic chanting, a sacred practice rooted in the ancient scriptures of India, has been honored with UNESCO recognition as an intangible cultural heritage. This profound and melodic form of recitation holds a unique place in the spiritual and cultural landscape, transcending time and resonating with the wisdom of the Vedas.

Vedic chanting involves the rhythmic utterance of hymns, prayers, and philosophical verses from the Vedas, the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism. Passed down through generations, this oral tradition is a meticulous art form, where the precise pronunciation and intonation are considered essential for preserving the purity and spiritual potency of the ancient verses.

The UNESCO inscription underscores the universal significance of Vedic chanting as a living tradition that connects communities and individuals to their spiritual heritage. It acknowledges the role of the chanters, often trained from a young age, in safeguarding and transmitting this sacred knowledge.

As Vedic chanting continues to echo in temples, ashrams, and spiritual gatherings worldwide, its UNESCO recognition ensures the preservation of this timeless tradition, encouraging a global understanding and appreciation for the cultural and spiritual richness embedded in the ancient verses of the Vedas.

  1. Ramlila, the grand reenactment of the life and exploits of Lord Rama, has been bestowed with UNESCO recognition as an intangible cultural heritage. This centuries-old tradition, deeply embedded in the religious and cultural fabric of India, comes alive annually during the festival of Navaratri.

Ramlila unfolds as an intricate theatrical performance, combining dance, music, and drama, and is enacted by local communities across India. The tradition involves the portrayal of episodes from the ancient Indian epic, the Ramayana, narrating the victory of good over evil.

UNESCO’s recognition of Ramlila emphasizes its role in promoting social cohesion, cultural identity, and spiritual enrichment. The tradition serves as a vibrant bridge between communities, fostering a shared understanding of the timeless values embedded in the Ramayana.

As Ramlila continues to thrive and evolve, the UNESCO inscription elevates it to a global platform, recognizing its significance beyond religious boundaries. The recognition acknowledges the dedication of countless performers, organizers, and communities in preserving this dynamic and ever-evolving tradition, ensuring that the vibrant tapestry of Ramlila remains an integral part of India’s intangible cultural heritage.

  1. Mudiyettu, a vibrant and ancient ritualistic dance drama, finds its roots in the southern Indian state of Kerala. Recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage, Mudiyettu is a unique blend of mythology, music, and dance, embodying the rich cultural tapestry of the region. The word “Mudiyettu” translates to “the act of raising the crown,” symbolizing the central theme of the performance — the triumph of goddess Bhadrakali over the demon Darika.

Performed during the annual festival in Bhagavathy temples, Mudiyettu is a mesmerizing spectacle that unfolds in open-air venues. The lead performer, adorned as the goddess, dons an elaborate headdress symbolizing victory. The narrative, often accompanied by traditional percussion and vocal music, enacts the battle between good and evil, transcending its artistic dimensions to become a spiritual and communal experience.

Mudiyettu not only serves as a repository of mythology but also reinforces the cultural identity of the community. With its intricate choreography, vibrant costumes, and spiritual resonance, Mudiyettu stands as a testament to the enduring power of traditional art forms in preserving and celebrating the heritage of Kerala. Through UNESCO recognition, Mudiyettu is poised to captivate global audiences, fostering an appreciation for the unique cultural expressions embedded in the heart of India’s diverse traditions.

  1. Ladakh, with its stark mountains and ancient monasteries, boasts a unique treasure recognized by UNESCO—the intangible cultural heritage of Buddhist chanting. Enveloped in the tranquil melodies echoing through the Himalayan valleys, Ladakh’s Buddhist chanting has earned its place on the prestigious list, signifying the profound spiritual and cultural significance embedded in this timeless practice.

UNESCO’s recognition underscores the exceptional role Ladakh plays in preserving and perpetuating Buddhist traditions. The rhythmic chants, performed by monks in vibrant robes, serve not only as a form of religious expression but also as a communal bond that transcends generations. These intangible threads of heritage, intricately woven into the fabric of Ladakhi society, create a harmonious blend of spirituality and cultural identity.

The inscription also brings attention to the fragility of this living heritage, facing challenges in the modern world. Ladakh’s UNESCO-listed Buddhist chanting serves as a call to action, urging efforts to safeguard and transmit this intangible wealth to future generations. In the face of changing times, Ladakh’s commitment to preserving its cultural soul through UNESCO recognition resonates globally, inviting the world to appreciate the spiritual resonance of its Buddhist chanting and the profound connection it fosters with the heritage of the Himalayas.

  1. Kalbelia, a traditional performing art of the Kalbelia community in Rajasthan, India, has earned its place on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Recognized in 2010, Kalbelia represents not just a dance form but a living expression of the community’s nomadic way of life and their deep connection with nature.

The Kalbelia dance is characterized by its snake-like movements, reflecting the community’s association with serpents. Dancers, traditionally women, clad in vibrant costumes, swirl and undulate to the rhythm of traditional musical instruments like the pungi and dufli. The dance is not only a visual spectacle but also a celebration of the Kalbelia community’s resilience and adaptability.

UNESCO’s recognition of Kalbelia emphasizes its cultural significance, highlighting the need to preserve this unique tradition. The dance is not merely a performance but a dynamic representation of the Kalbelia community’s cultural identity, folklore, and historical narratives.

As Kalbelia continues to captivate audiences globally, the UNESCO inscription serves as a testament to the importance of safeguarding the rich tapestry of India’s cultural diversity and acknowledging the intrinsic value of traditions deeply rooted in the heritage of its communities.

  1. Sankirtana, a devotional musical tradition originating in the Indian state of Manipur, dances with spiritual fervor and cultural richness. Recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage, Sankirtana is a vibrant form of congregational singing and dancing that reverberates through the landscapes of Manipur, creating a tapestry of sound and spirituality.

Rooted in Vaishnavism, Sankirtana blends classical elements with regional influences, embodying a deep connection between music, dance, and devotion. The performers, dressed in traditional attire, move in graceful synchrony, narrating stories from Hindu mythology through the lyrical compositions. The rhythm of cymbals, drums, and harmoniums accompanies the melodic chants, creating an immersive experience that transcends the physical and spiritual realms.

UNESCO’s recognition of Sankirtana highlights its significance as a living cultural tradition that binds communities and fosters a sense of shared identity. As Manipur strives to preserve this intangible heritage, Sankirtana stands as a testament to the resilience of cultural expressions in the face of modernity. The UNESCO inscription not only acknowledges the artistry and spirituality inherent in Sankirtana but also encourages global appreciation for the cultural diversity encapsulated in this unique form of devotional expression.

  1. The traditional brass and copper craft of utensil making among the Thatheras of Jandiala Guru stands as a testament to centuries-old craftsmanship and cultural heritage. This unique art form, recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage, thrives in the narrow lanes of Jandiala Guru, a town in Punjab, India.

The Thatheras, a community of skilled artisans, meticulously handcraft brass and copper utensils using traditional techniques passed down through generations. The craft involves a meticulous process of molding, shaping, and engraving, creating an array of exquisite and functional items, from large cauldrons to intricately designed bowls and plates.

UNESCO’s acknowledgment of the Thatheras’ craft underscores its significance in preserving traditional knowledge and skills. The artistry of these craftsmen not only produces utilitarian items but also tells a tale of cultural continuity and community identity. The recognition serves as a rallying call to safeguard this endangered craft, which faces challenges in the wake of modernization.

In the hands of the Thatheras, each piece becomes a masterpiece, a fusion of art and utility. The UNESCO inscription elevates this age-old craft onto the global stage, fostering appreciation for the delicate balance between tradition and innovation that defines the Thatheras’ brass and copper craft in the heart of Punjab.

  1. Kumbh Mela, the grandeur of spiritual convergence, unfolds as one of the world’s largest religious gatherings, transcending the boundaries of faith along the banks of sacred rivers in India. Recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage, Kumbh Mela is a testament to the vibrant tapestry of Hindu traditions.

Held cyclically in Allahabad, Haridwar, Nashik, and Ujjain, the Kumbh Mela attracts millions of pilgrims, ascetics, and curious onlookers. The sacred dip in the river during this auspicious event is believed to cleanse the soul and liberate one from the cycle of rebirth.

UNESCO’s recognition underscores the cultural, social, and environmental significance of Kumbh Mela. It acknowledges the meticulous planning and execution required to host millions of visitors, emphasizing the communal harmony and diversity inherent in this spiritual gathering.

Kumbh Mela represents a living heritage, a continuum of ancient traditions that bind communities together. The UNESCO inscription not only celebrates the religious fervor but also highlights the meticulous organization and environmental consciousness ingrained in the fabric of this massive gathering. Kumbh Mela, with its profound spiritual resonance and cultural depth, stands as a beacon of India’s rich intangible heritage, inviting the world to witness the harmonious convergence of faith and tradition on the banks of sacred rivers.

  1. Yoga, the ancient Indian practice that harmonizes mind, body, and spirit, has transcended its cultural origins to become a global phenomenon. In 2016, UNESCO recognized Yoga as an intangible cultural heritage, acknowledging its universal significance in promoting holistic well-being and fostering intercultural dialogue.

The UNESCO inscription underscores Yoga’s cultural and spiritual value, emphasizing its role as a timeless tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Beyond its physical postures, Yoga encompasses meditation, breathing exercises, and ethical principles, contributing to a comprehensive approach to health and mindfulness.

Yoga’s recognition by UNESCO serves as a bridge between cultures, promoting mutual understanding and respect. It symbolizes the shared human quest for balance and inner harmony, transcending geographic and cultural boundaries.

In the context of UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage, Yoga represents a living tradition that continues to evolve and adapt in response to contemporary challenges. The inscription encourages the preservation of traditional knowledge while embracing the global dissemination of Yoga’s transformative practices.

As Yoga continues to inspire millions worldwide, its UNESCO recognition not only honors its cultural roots but also invites individuals and communities to connect with this ancient wisdom, fostering a healthier and more harmonious world.

  1. Nowruz, the Persian New Year, marks the arrival of spring and the renewal of nature, symbolizing hope, rejuvenation, and the triumph of light over darkness. In 2016, UNESCO recognized Nowruz as an intangible cultural heritage, acknowledging its deep-rooted cultural and historical significance.

Celebrated for over 3,000 years, Nowruz is observed by diverse communities, including Iranians, Kurds, Central Asians, and others. The festivities begin on the vernal equinox, typically March 20 or 21, and extend for about two weeks. Nowruz traditions encompass a rich tapestry of customs, from the iconic Haft-Seen table adorned with seven symbolic items to the practice of jumping over bonfires, symbolizing the cleansing of the spirit.

UNESCO’s recognition highlights the universal value of Nowruz, emphasizing its role in fostering cultural diversity, intergenerational transmission of traditions, and the promotion of peace. Nowruz serves as a bridge between generations, connecting communities with their shared heritage while offering a moment of collective reflection on the cyclical nature of life.

As the world acknowledges Nowruz as a cherished intangible cultural heritage, it not only honors ancient rituals but also embraces the enduring spirit of new beginnings, unity, and the shared human experience of welcoming the arrival of spring.

  1. Kutiyattam, a classical Sanskrit theater tradition, unfolds as a captivating cultural gem in the rich heritage of Kerala, India. Designated as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2001, Kutiyattam represents a harmonious fusion of dance, music, elaborate costumes, and ancient storytelling, dating back over a millennium.

Performed in specially designed theaters within temple complexes, Kutiyattam features tales from Hindu epics, particularly the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The performers, known as Chakkiars and Nangyars, meticulously follow ancient texts and intricate hand gestures, known as mudras, to convey the essence of the narratives. The performances can last for several days, requiring dedication and skill from the artists.

UNESCO’s recognition of Kutiyattam underscores its role in preserving and promoting the cultural heritage of Kerala and India at large. The inscription acknowledges the dedication of the artists and the importance of transmitting this ancient theatrical tradition to future generations.

Kutiyattam’s UNESCO status not only celebrates the art form’s historical significance but also shines a spotlight on the enduring commitment of the performers to sustain a tradition that has withstood the test of time, embodying the timeless beauty and cultural richness of India’s performing arts.

  1. Durga Puja, the grand celebration of the goddess Durga’s triumph over the buffalo demon Mahishasura, transforms Kolkata into a cultural kaleidoscope during the autumnal months. Recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage in 2017, the Durga Puja in Kolkata is a testament to the city’s effervescent spirit and artistic brilliance.

The UNESCO recognition acknowledges Durga Puja as more than a religious festival; it’s a collective expression of creativity, community, and tradition. The elaborate pandals (temporary structures), artistic idols, cultural performances, and the infectious enthusiasm of Kolkatans collectively contribute to the festival’s vibrant ambiance.

Durga Puja in Kolkata showcases the seamless blend of traditional rituals and contemporary expressions. The meticulous craftsmanship involved in idol making, the thematic diversity of pandals, and the cultural programs highlight the city’s commitment to preserving and evolving its cultural heritage.

UNESCO’s nod to Durga Puja in Kolkata amplifies its global significance, emphasizing the festival’s role in fostering community bonds, encouraging artistic innovation, and promoting cultural diversity. As the city prepares for the annual spectacle, the UNESCO intangible cultural heritage status serves as a reminder of the enduring cultural legacy that Durga Puja represents for Kolkata and the world.

  1. Ramman, a traditional religious and cultural festival celebrated in the town of Saloor-Dungra in the state of Uttarakhand, India, stands as a vibrant representation of the region’s intangible cultural heritage. Recognized by UNESCO in 2009, Ramman is a unique ritualistic performance that intertwines mythology, spirituality, and community participation.

The festival centers around the worship of the god Bhumiyal Devta and involves a day-long theatrical performance by the local community. The Ramman play, traditionally performed by the Chakri community, unfolds ancient stories from the Ramayana, specifically the victory of good over evil.

UNESCO’s acknowledgment of Ramman underscores its significance in preserving local traditions and fostering social cohesion. The community-led nature of the festival ensures the transmission of cultural knowledge and skills across generations. The festival, with its distinctive music, dance, and elaborate costumes, reflects the deep-rooted connections between the people of Saloor-Dungra and their cultural heritage.

As Ramman continues to thrive, the UNESCO inscription not only honors the tradition but also serves as a call to appreciate and safeguard the diversity of intangible cultural expressions that contribute to the rich tapestry of India’s cultural heritage.

  1. Garba, the exuberant folk dance of Gujarat, India, has twirled its way into the hearts of millions, and  it gained global recognition as UNESCO inscribed it on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This colorful dance form, traditionally performed during the Navaratri festival, embodies the spirit of joy, community, and devotion.

Garba is a rhythmic expression that brings together communities in a celebration of life, love, and the divine. Dancers, adorned in vibrant attire, create intricate patterns and swirls to the beats of traditional music, often accompanied by the dhol and the melodic tunes of the dandiya (wooden sticks).

UNESCO’s recognition of Garba as intangible cultural heritage acknowledges its role in promoting social cohesion and preserving cultural identity. The dance form, passed down through generations, acts as a dynamic link to Gujarat’s rich cultural tapestry.

As the rhythmic footwork and swirling movements of Garba continue to captivate audiences around the world, the UNESCO inscription serves as a global testament to the enduring beauty and cultural significance of this joyful dance, making it a cherished piece of Gujarat’s intangible cultural heritage.

Additionally, India has also submitted several nominations for inscription on the Representative List in 2023 and 2024, including:

Traditional art of Pattachitra: A folk art form from Odisha, featuring intricate paintings on cloth depicting stories from mythology and folklore.

The Lepakshi dance: A ritualistic dance performed by the Chenchu tribe of Andhra Pradesh, invoking the blessings of rain and good harvest.

The art of Rogan painting: A unique painting technique using vegetable dyes on fabric, practiced in Kutch, Gujarat.