What was administrative structure during Maurya Empire?

The Maurya Empire, which existed from around 322 BCE to 185 BCE, had a well-developed administrative structure that played a crucial role in governing its vast territories. Here are the key components of the administrative system during the Maurya Empire:

1. Central Administration: At the top of the administrative hierarchy was the emperor, who held supreme authority. The most famous Mauryan emperor, Chandragupta Maurya, established a centralized administration with himself at the helm. Later emperors, such as Ashoka, also continued this centralized system.
2. Provincial Administration: The Maurya Empire was divided into provinces, each governed by a viceroy or a governor appointed by the emperor. These provincial governors were responsible for maintaining law and order, collecting taxes, and implementing imperial policies in their respective regions.
3. District Administration: Provinces were further subdivided into districts, each administered by a district officer. These officers were responsible for overseeing local administration, resolving disputes, and reporting to the provincial governor.
4. Local Administration: At the grassroots level, the administration was managed by village councils or assemblies known as the “Sabha” and “Samiti.” These councils were responsible for local governance, including matters related to agriculture, irrigation, and justice. They played a significant role in maintaining order and resolving disputes at the village level.
5. Revenue Collection: The Mauryan Empire had an efficient revenue administration system. Taxes were collected in the form of produce, primarily grains, and were assessed based on the fertility of the land. Revenue officials, known as “Samahartas” or “Sannidhata,” were appointed to oversee tax collection and ensure compliance with imperial regulations.
6. Military Administration: The Mauryan Empire maintained a well-organized military administration to protect its vast territories and expand its borders. The army was divided into various units, including infantry, cavalry, and chariot divisions, each led by experienced commanders.
7. Judicial System: The Mauryan Empire had a sophisticated legal system aimed at ensuring justice and maintaining social order. Royal courts were established to adjudicate disputes and dispense justice. The emperor himself acted as the highest appellate authority in legal matters.

Overall, the administrative structure of the Maurya Empire was characterized by its centralization, efficient organization, and emphasis on governance at multiple levels, which helped it to govern effectively over a vast and diverse empire.