What Is Akhand Bharat?

Countries That Were Part of Ancient India and Its Cultural Influence

Introduction

Ancient India, referred to as Bharatvarsha or Jambudvipa in ancient texts, was a vast geographical region. While the core region of ancient India comprised areas within the modern boundaries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal, its cultural, religious, and economic influence extended far beyond. This article distinguishes between the regions that were directly part of ancient India and those that were significantly influenced by its civilization.

Regions That Were Part of Ancient India

1. India

India formed the heart of ancient Bharatvarsha. The subcontinent was divided into numerous kingdoms like Magadha, Kuru, Kosala, and Gandhara. Culturally, religiously, and politically, India was the central hub of ancient civilization.

2. Pakistan

The regions of Sindh, Punjab, and Gandhara (modern-day Peshawar and surrounding areas) were integral parts of ancient India. Gandhara, known for its Buddhist culture, was a prominent center of learning and trade. The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world’s oldest civilizations, also thrived in this region.

3. Bangladesh

Ancient Bengal, known as Vanga and Pundra, was part of ancient India. The region was culturally significant, with flourishing trade, art, and education. The ancient university of Nalanda attracted scholars from this region.

4. Nepal

Nepal was culturally linked to India, particularly through Hinduism and Buddhism. The region of Kapilavastu, where Lord Buddha was born, is located in present-day Nepal. Ancient Indian kings often maintained political and trade ties with Nepal.

5. Bhutan

Bhutan, known for its spiritual heritage, was influenced by Indian Buddhism. Indian scriptures mention Bhutan as a neighboring kingdom that shared cultural and religious exchanges with ancient India.

6. Sri Lanka

Referred to as Lanka in the Ramayana, Sri Lanka was closely tied to ancient Indian mythology. The epic narrates the story of Lord Rama’s journey to Lanka to rescue Sita from the demon king Ravana. Sri Lanka also embraced Buddhism, introduced by Emperor Ashoka’s mission.

Regions Influenced by Ancient India

1. Afghanistan

The region of Gandhara, located in present-day Afghanistan, was a thriving center of trade and culture. The spread of Buddhism to Central Asia and beyond was significantly influenced by the Gandhara school of art.

2. Tibet (China)

While Tibet was not directly a part of ancient India, its cultural and religious identity was deeply influenced by Indian Buddhism. The spread of Mahayana Buddhism to Tibet is a testament to ancient India’s influence.

3. Myanmar (Burma)

Myanmar, referred to as Suvarnabhumi in Indian texts, was an important trade partner. Indian traders and monks traveled to Myanmar, influencing its culture, language, and religious practices.

4. Maldives

The Maldives, though a small island nation, maintained cultural and trade connections with ancient India. Its early religion and cultural practices show strong Indian influence.

5. Indonesia

Indian influence in Indonesia is evident from ancient Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms like Srivijaya and Majapahit. The Ramayana and Mahabharata are still celebrated through traditional performances like the Wayang Kulit shadow puppetry.

6. Malaysia

Malaysia, like Indonesia, was part of the ancient maritime trade network. Indian traders introduced Hinduism and Buddhism, leaving a lasting cultural legacy.

7. Thailand

Ancient Thai culture was heavily influenced by Indian traditions. The Thai version of the Ramayana, called the Ramakien, is a national epic. Indian architectural styles and religious beliefs are visible in Thailand’s temples.

8. Laos

Laos shares cultural heritage with India, particularly through Buddhism. Indian mythology and epics found a prominent place in Laotian folklore and literature.

9. Cambodia

The iconic Angkor Wat temple, initially dedicated to Lord Vishnu, stands as a remarkable symbol of ancient Indian influence in Cambodia. The Khmer Empire adopted Indian administrative systems, religion, and culture.

10. Vietnam

Indian influence in Vietnam is evident in the ancient Champa Kingdom, which adopted Hinduism and Buddhism. Many temples and inscriptions dedicated to Hindu deities still exist in Vietnam.

11. Iran

Eastern Iran, especially the regions of Sistan and Balochistan, was part of the extended cultural sphere of ancient India. Trade routes facilitated the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas.

Conclusion

While ancient India’s geographical boundaries encompassed modern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka, its influence extended across much of Asia. From the majestic temples of Cambodia to the shadow puppetry of Indonesia, the legacy of ancient India is still alive. The interconnectedness of these regions through trade, culture, and religion highlights the historical significance of Bharatvarsha. Understanding this shared heritage allows us to appreciate the rich tapestry of ancient civilizations and their enduring impact on the modern world.